Introduction to Fractions

🎯 Objective

Students will understand what fractions are, identify the numerator and denominator, and represent fractions visually.

Whiteboard and markers
Fraction circles or strips (e.g., paper or plastic manipulatives)
Worksheets with fraction representations (e.g., diagrams to match with fractions)
(Optional: Explore digital representations with our Visual Fraction Models tool.)

Start with a relatable question: "Have you ever shared a pizza or candy bar?" Explain that fractions represent parts of a whole.
Write a fraction (e.g., 3/4) on the whiteboard, labeling the numerator (top number) and denominator (bottom number).
Use fraction circles or strips to show a visual (e.g., a circle divided into 4 parts, 3 shaded = 3/4).
Guide students to identify numerators and denominators in examples like 1/2, 5/6, and 2/3.
Hand out worksheets where students match visuals (e.g., shaded shapes) to written fractions.

Hide fraction visuals (e.g., 1/2 as half a circle) around the room for students to find and name.

Students draw or cut out fraction representations (e.g., 2/5 of a square shaded) using colored paper.

Observe students during activities to confirm they can point out numerators and denominators.
Check worksheets for correct matches between visuals and fractions.